The 20 Essential Documentaries of the Century
The following documentaries from the 21st century were chosen for
their abiding influence and/or “Wow!” factor. Most of them—not all—we
also happen to love. But we did leave out some more obscure personal
favorites to make room for the penguins, etc.
1. Spellbound (2002)Jeffrey Blitz’s
portrait of eight National Spelling Bee contestants and their families
has a deep resonance: Among other things, mastery of the English
language becomes a means of affirming one’s Americanness. The second
half—in which the characters are knocked off one by one, as in an Agatha
Christie thriller—has the audience hanging on every letter. The
downside: Its massive success ushered in an age of similarly structured
competition docs.
(D.E.)
2. Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004)
After Roger & Me, the
Michael Moore doc with the most impact: part prosecutorial brief, part
rabid editorial cartoon—a blend of insight, outrage, and innuendo. It’s
not a documentary for the ages, but as an act of counterpropaganda
against a monstrous government, it has
a bullying force. (D.E.)
3. Exit Through the Gift Shop (2010)Graffiti
guerrilla Banksy’s brilliant feature-length pranksy shows how far you
can go in blurring the lines between real and fabricated and make a doc
that works either way—that has its own satiric truth.
(D.E.)
4. Bus 174 (2002)
José Padilha’s
documentary tells the story of a bus taken hostage by an unstable,
underclass addict, and the carnage (all televised) that followed owing
to police incompetence. It’s the rare nonfiction film that plays out
(via archival footage) as if it’s in the present tense—but with the
inevitability of classic tragedy. (D.E.)
5. Grizzly Man (2005)
Werner
Herzog’s documentaries are more popular than his fictions, and this one
shows why. It’s a portrait of Timothy Treadwell, who obsessively
idealized and shot footage of bears—including the one that would
ultimately eat him (and his poor girlfriend). Herzog intercuts
Treadwell’s own footage with hambone Teutonic musings and, in one scene,
a shot of himself listening on headphones to the actual audio of
Treadwell’s death and announcing that no one else should ever hear it. (D.E.)
6. Marwencol (2010)
Art as fixation,
art as therapy, art as escape: Jeff Malmberg’s film about a man who,
recovering from a horrific beating, builds a compulsively detailed
miniature town, is a gorgeous, haunting journey down the rabbit hole of
obsession. (B.E.)
7. Of Time and the City (2008)
The
great Terence Davies creates a melancholy, even bitter audiovisual
collage about his hometown of Liverpool. But, as always with Davies, the
real subject is himself, and in its nakedness, the film acts as both a
tribute to a city and a confessional. (B.E.)
8. March of the Penguins (2005)
This
boffo French doc about Antarctic penguins is a triumph of location,
location, location. It’s the story of an instinct so primal that the
movie feels like a creation saga. You watch these funny, stubborn
little creatures and contemplate the endurance of all life. (D.E.)
9. Taxi to the Dark Side (2007)
The hope was that Alex Gibney’s Oscar-winning documentary could break through even to people who relished torture set pieces on 24
and would hear no evil about the War on Terror. It didn’t, but the
story of a cabdriver mistakenly arrested and tortured to death at
Bagram Air Force base leaves you brooding on the human capacity for
cruelty in a way that transcends the gory details. (D.E.)
10. Armadillo (2010)Though
impartial, this documentary following a group of Danish soldiers
stationed in Afghanistan was a cause célèbre in Denmark over its
suggestion that they may have killed wounded Afghans. But this is more
than just mere exposé; surprisingly lyrical, it’s arguably the best of
the many combat docs that have come out of the Iraq and Afghanistan
wars.
(B.E.)
11. Inside Job (2010)
It could be
said that what happened during the 2008 financial crisis was too complex
to depict compellingly on film. Documentarian Charles Ferguson begs to
disagree, taking it to the culprits in this passionate indictment of the
greed and egomania that helped sink the world economy, and even
skewering his on-camera interview subjects. (B.E.)
12. Man on Wire (2008)
The
posters billed it as “the artistic crime of the century,” but James
Marsh’s present-tense documentary/re-creation of Philippe Petit’s 1974
tightrope walk between the Twin Towers was more the redemption of the
decade—a playful, touching, much-needed reclamation of the fallen towers
from the realm of monumental tragedy. (D.E.)
13. Food, Inc. (2008)
This
talking-heads doc broke through to a wide audience, and no wonder: It’s
about how most of what we eat comes from, like, five companies and has
little to do with nature, family farms, or anything else on the label.
It’s the stuff of the most paranoid science fiction—The Matrix for the diet-conscious. (D.E.)
14. An Inconvenient Truth (2006)
Like
a molasses-voiced prophet of the apocalypse, Al Gore presents the case
for climate change, and chills you to your bones. With one fell swoop,
director Davis Guggenheim helped resurrect Gore’s image (remember when
we all thought he couldn’t give a decent speech?), put climate change at
the forefront of public discourse, and made the hero-driven
social-issue doc the premier mode of American nonfiction filmmaking. (B.E.)
15. Super Size Me (2004)
Morgan
Spurlock got fat and depressed after a month of chowing down
exclusively on McDonald’s—but his sacrifice inspired other docs
starring guinea pigs (No Impact Man among them) and paved the way for other anti–Big Food screeds. Even better: So disastrous was Super Size Me for McDonald’s image that the chain was forced to discontinue their titular trough-size offerings. (M.S.)
16. Catfish (2010)
The
name is now synonymous with online misrepresentation—and there are
still some folks who doubt the veracity of Ariel Schulman and Henry
Joost’s influential doc. But if the video-diary format does lend
itself to subjects who are acting instead of being, the movie still
works as a story of isolation, deception, and finally connection in our
strange new Internet-oriented world. (D.E.)
17. The Fog of War (2003)
Composed
entirely of a riveting interview with former secretary of Defense
Robert McNamara, Errol Morris’s Oscar-winning film uses one man’s
journey through American politics and the military-industrial complex
not just to reflect on the horrors of the past in Vietnam, but also to
foretell the horrors to come in Iraq. (B.E.)
18. Nostalgia for the Light (2010)
The doc version of The Tree of Life. Chilean director Patricio Guzmán, best known for his epic Battle of Chile
documentaries (about the U.S.-backed right-wing takeover of his
country), offers up a cosmic take on politics and collective memory. In
Chile’s Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, he follows two groups
at work: astronomers taking advantage of the extremely translucent sky,
and women searching for body parts of friends and family dumped there
by the military regime. A movie that gives you chills of exaltation and
horror. (B.E.)
19. Metallica: Some Kind of Monster (2004)
It
was supposed to be a promotional video, but when the band went into
group therapy and almost fell apart, Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky’s
film became an epic about the creative process and self-destruction. Its
many rock-doc imitators since haven’t been so lucky. (B.E.)
20. Tarnation (2003)
A
volcanic blend of biography and hallucination collage, Jonathan
Caouette’s memoir is fashioned from home movies, revelatory stills, and
film clips, all rubbed and buffed on a Macintosh computer with the basic
program iMovie. It’s devastating—even if it does portend a future of
shitty home-movie docs by exhibitionists. (D.E.)
*This article originally appeared in the April 22, 2013 issue of New York Magazine.